LLMs go viral fast, but they also hallucinate, drift, and cost a lot of money. LLM Ops (also called GenAI Ops) applies Mops to language models, and it monitors quality, costs, and safety while enabling safety updates. Here’s the 2026 playbook.
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Why LLM Ops is different from traditional Mops
Traditional Machine Learning: monitor prediction drift and accuracy.
LLMs add:
- Hallucination risk: Confidently give wrong answers.
- Prompt fragility: Small changes lead to big output shifts.
- Cost explosion: Token usage scales with adoption.
- Context drift: Retrieved documents or user patterns change.
Teams should have evaluation frameworks and not just mere dashboards.
Core LLM Ops pillars
- Evaluation:
- Human preference: A/B tests or ranking (Hugging Face Open LLM Leaderboard style).
- Automated evaluation: LLM‑as‑judge, regex matching, semantic similarity.
- Custom rubrics: Answer faithfulness, completeness, tone/safety.
- Monitoring:
- Input/ Output drift (embeddings of prompts or responses).
- Latency, token usage, error rates per provider.
- User feedback loops (thumbs up/ thumbs down).
- Experimentation:
- Prompt A/B tests, model/provider comparisons.
- Canary releases (10% traffic → new prompt/version).
Production patterns that work
RAG systems:
Query → Retrieve docs → Augment prompt → LLM → Response + citations
- Monitor: retrieval recall, answer roundedness, citation accuracy.
- Agents/tool calling:
- Track tool success rate, loop length, final resolution.
- Fallbacks for failure modes.
- Fine‑tuned models:
Monitor for catastrophic forgetting, domain drift.
Tooling stack
Start here:
- Eval: Lang Chain eval, Deepavali, Tulins.
- Observability: Phoenix, Lang Smith, Weights & Biases LLM Logger.
- Orchestration: Lang Chain/LlamaIndex with built‑in tracing.
- Cost: OpenAI dashboard + custom token tracking.
- Scaling tip: Instrument everything from day one. Log prompts, retrieved context, tokens, metadata.
Try this: Instrument a simple Q&A RAG app. Log 100 queries, manually eval 20 on a rubric (accuracy, roundedness). Build from there.
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